| Can the Universe Change Shape?
According to Einstein, the universe is a space
time continuum that can take one of three forms,
determined by the amount of matter and energy it
contains. A universe that is a continuum is an
infinite universe. It is a universe that lacks a
beginning and it will never end. This is the very
definition of a continuum. Only substances that
are finite can endings be predicted, thus when the
universe is described as having a beginning we should
hear second about its predictable ending.
Things that are finite are predictable, such as the
elements and radioactive decay.
Can the universe change shape? Yes,
according to Einstein's equation E=MC^2. The shape
of the universe is determined by the amount of matter
and energy it contains.
The possible shapes are as follows:
- Positive curvature: The cosmos is like a
sphere. Travel far enough and you'll come back to
the starting point. Draw a triangle, and it will
have more than 180 degrees. Without dark energy,
this universe will slow, stop and recollapse, with
dark energy, the expansion will continue.
- Flat: You'll never return to your starting
point: triangles have precisely 180 degrees, as they
do in geometry. Even without dark energy, this
universe will expand forever, out more and more
slowly all the time. With it, the expansion gets
even faster. This is the shape of our universe
according to the latest observations
- Negative Curvature: Travelers never return:
triangles always have less than 180 degrees. And
expansion will barely slow, even without dark
energy.
When the ratio of Matter to energy changes in the
Universe, then the Universe can change Shape.
- Positive curvature: Ratio of Matter is much
greater than energy
- Flat: Ratio of Matter to energy is about
equal
- Negative Curvature: Ratio of Mater is much
less than energy (More energy and less mass)
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